PERIODs 1 & 2
Periodization:
Colonization in America came originally from the heightened desire for better trade routes in all European countries due to four main reasons: improvements in technology, religious conflict, expanding trade, and developing Nation-States. For instance, technological improvements such as the sailing compass, better maps, and improved ship building gave Europeans the ability to sail for longer periods with more certainty than ever before. An example of both religious conflict and expanding trade was when Constantinople was seized in Turkey by the Ottoman Turks resulting in Europeans needing to find new trade routes to India. As for developing Nation-States, European monarchs were gaining power and solidifying their Nation-States, the most prominent at the time were Spain, Portugal, and France. Each of these countries wanted good military and trade control, and little did they know that the undiscovered Americas had enough raw materials to satisfy their demands. Meanwhile in the Americas, they only inhabitants of the time were people who would eventually be known as Native Americans. Sadly, once the Americas were discovered, diseases from Europe came to the Americas through the Columbian Exchange, resulting in the mass deaths of Native Americans. However, the Columbian Exchange didn't just cause deaths. Through the exchange of crops and ideas, it also altered both the Old World and the New World forever.
Documents and political cartoons:
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Turning points:
Improvements in TechnologyA) Caused by the end of Dark Ages and the desire for Enlightenment/Education, a growth of curiosity in regards to navigation, and a need for more resources.
B) Description: Improved compass, improved ships (caravel), better maps, printing press, and gun powder were created. C) Effects: Allowed for easier/quicker exploration, better technology for conquering (guns!), and better communication (printing press), allowing for further exploration. |
Development of Nation-StatesA) End of the Dark Ages, a want for power, and a want for the spread of religion.
B)Description: England, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and other European nations rise to power, competing for wealth/resources/land. C)All nations want to be more powerful than the others, and exploration/colonization serves as an opportunity to do that by getting more raw resources, so European countries begin to explore/colonize. |
Christopher Columbus IN AmericaA)Improvements in technology, Spain giving Columbus supplies to find an alternate route to India.
B)Columbus sailed West to try and find a new route to India, landed in the Americas, thought it was India, brought back goods from the Americas, and brought them back to Spain. C)The rest of Europe became aware of the resources in America, and they wanted to colonize. This led to the creation of colonies in America. |
Columbian ExchangeA)Columbus's stumbling upon the Americas, European colonization of the Americas, and the European desire for goods from America.
B)Trading between the Old and New Worlds, in which products like corn, tobacco, and chocolate were sent to the Old World and products like coffee, horses, and sugarcane were sent to the New World. C)Set up a permanent reliance of the Old World onto the New World and vice versa. Also resulted in mass deaths of Native Americans due to the spread of diseases foreign to them, like small pox. |
JamestownA)English colonization, desires for gold/becoming rich.
B)Colonists went to Jamestown in hopes of finding gold and making a profit. They settled on swampy land, and many died settlers died of dysentery. They also didn't have anyway of feeding themselves, as they weren't prepared to be farmers, but miners. Almost failed during starving time when James Smith went to England to get supplies, but Gates and Dell imposed martial law and pulled Jamestown out of starving time. First successful colony. C)Since it was the first successful colony, from that point on England knew how to run a successful colony, and other colonists and European nations viewed colonization as possible. This led to more colonies in the New World. |
Parallels/Synthesis:
Salem Witch trials
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Indentured servants
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Writs of AssistanceThe Writs of Assistance were similar to the Palmer Raids, because both were seen as an invasion of privacy and received backlash from the American public for search and seizure without a warrant.
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